UK Digital Pound (Britcoin)

According to the Bank of England (BoE) and HM Treasury, the UK Digital Pound entered the design phase in 2025 with a detailed policy and technology blueprint being developed through 2026. No decision has been made on issuance, with a joint evidence-based assessment expected in 2026 to determine next steps. **Design Phase Timeline and Key Milestones:** - January 14, 2025: BoE published a Design Note outlining current thinking on digital pound design, including platform model, privacy protections, and integration with existing payments. A Progress Update summarized 2024 work and announced the Digital Pound Lab launch. - August 2025: Digital Pound Lab launched as a technology sandbox for industry participants to conduct hands-on experimentation, API functionality testing, and innovative payments use cases. - October 23, 2025: BoE published a Digital Pound Update covering Lab progress, product strategy, intermediary roles, and scheme design. - Through 2026: Design phase continues advancing blueprint components including product vision/strategy, design principles, roles of core platform and intermediaries, and operations. - Post-2026: Blueprint completion will inform benefits/costs analysis and potential decision on proceeding to build phase. **Consultation Results:** The BoE and HM Treasury published their response to the digital pound consultation on January 25, 2024, summarizing over 50,000 public responses from the February 2023 consultation paper. Key public feedback highlighted concerns over cash access, user privacy, and control of money. Respondents affirmed the platform model design as "reasonable and well-grounded," though privacy and programmability concerns persisted. The BoE committed to measures including no BoE access to personal data, no government/central bank programmability, and primary legislation requiring parliamentary vote before launch. **Technology and Platform Model:** The Bank of England proposes a platform model where it provides the core ledger and central infrastructure, while private sector intermediaries (Payment Interface Providers - PIPs, and External Service Interface Providers - ESIPs) offer pass-through wallets interfacing between end-users and the Bank's system. This model ensures user holdings are recorded anonymously on the Bank's core ledger for privacy, with wallets passing instructions for balances, payments, and transfers. The Bank handles issuance and settlement via its renewed Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) service, with interchangeability between digital pounds, cash, and bank deposits at parity. **Digital Pound Lab:** The Lab facilitates API experimentation and technical testing for payment interface providers and external service providers. Phase 1 focused on advancing technical work including shared public infrastructure and interoperability models. Phase 2 enables testing of innovative payments scenarios using a digital pound foundation, with access to a experimental platform to simulate real-world conditions. **Holding Limits and Financial Stability:** The BoE has proposed holding limits of £20,000 per individual and £10 million per business for sterling-denominated systemic stablecoins and the potential digital pound as temporary transitional measures. These limits are designed to mitigate financial stability risks during the transition period, specifically addressing bank disintermediation risk. Modeling shows that without limits, approximately 20% of firms could fall below the 100% Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) threshold, but at a £20,000 individual limit, this risk is substantially reduced. The Bank expects to remove these limits once transition risks are fully understood and mitigated. Exemptions include large retail businesses and intermediaries servicing retail customers. **Privacy Protections:** Design principles prioritize privacy protections equivalent to or better than existing digital money like bank accounts, with the central bank and government having no access to users' personal data via core infrastructure. Users interact solely with regulated private intermediaries which handle wallets, balances, and transactions. The Bank of England operates an anonymized core ledger without user identification. Legislative guarantees would prohibit Bank of England or government access to personal data and control over money usage. Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) including pseudonymization, zero-knowledge proofs, and multiparty computation are being explored with MIT to minimize data sharing while complying with AML/CFT requirements. **Cash Coexistence:** The digital pound is designed to complement rather than replace cash, with cash remaining available for those preferring anonymity or offline use. The design ensures the digital pound targets programmable, efficient digital payments without displacing cash. **Legislation:** No primary legislation has been passed by the UK Parliament for a digital pound. If approved following the 2026 assessment, any launch would require primary legislation passed by Parliament, along with further public consultation. The Government has committed to new laws for privacy and user control, with a parliamentary vote required before any digital pound is launched. **Cross-border and Interoperability:** The digital pound is being designed with cross-border payments and international interoperability in mind, emphasizing global coordination among central banks. The platform model includes Payment Interface Providers and External Service Interface Providers handling user interactions via digital pass-through wallets. Interoperability plans include integration with existing infrastructures like the renewed RTGS service and New Payments Architecture (NPA), including options for cash, deposits, offline payments, and cross-border scenarios.

Updated: 2/18/2026