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China e-CNY (Digital Yuan)

People's Bank of China

Status

Overall Status:Pilot
Policy Stance:Supportive
Availability
Retailpilot
Wholesalepilot

Metrics

Wallets:230,000,000
Annual Volume:$2300B
As of:2025-11-30
Confidence:high

Architecture

Typewholesale
Architecturetwo-tier
Access Modelaccount based
Legal Tenderpilot only

Cross-Border Projects

mBridge

Role: leader

active

Capabilities

offline payments
programmability
cross border
interest bearing
transaction limits

Frequently Asked Questions

Does China have a CBDC?

Yes, China is developing China e-CNY (Digital Yuan), currently in pilot phase.

What is the status of China's CBDC?

China e-CNY (Digital Yuan) is in pilot phase as of 2026-02-17. The pilot program is actively testing with real users.

When did China launch its CBDC pilot?

The pilot launched on 2020-04-20. As of 2025-11-30, it has 230,000,000 wallets.

How many people use China's CBDC?

As of 2025-11-30, China e-CNY (Digital Yuan) has 230,000,000 wallets/users. Annual transaction volume is $2300 billion.

Is China's CBDC retail or wholesale?

China e-CNY (Digital Yuan) is a wholesale CBDC designed for interbank settlements and large-value transactions.

Which central bank manages China e-CNY (Digital Yuan)?

China e-CNY (Digital Yuan) is managed by People's Bank of China.

Recent Developments

According to the People's Bank of China (PBOC), as of end-November 2025, the e-CNY pilot has processed 3.48 billion cumulative transactions with total volume of 16.7 trillion yuan (approximately US$2.3-2.4 trillion). The pilot supports 230 million personal wallets and 18.84 million corporate wallets via the e-CNY App, covering 26 localities across 17 provincial-level regions. On Project mBridge, e-CNY accounts for 95.3% of the platform's $55.49 billion cumulative transaction volume as of November 2025, with 4,047 cross-border transactions. On December 29, 2025, PBOC announced a new framework effective January 1, 2026, transitioning e-CNY from a digital cash model to a digital deposit money model as an account-based payment instrument. Retail cross-border testing includes Hong Kong, Macau, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Singapore for tourism payments.

Updated: 2/17/2026

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