Status
PILOT
India
India e₹ (Digital Rupee)
According to Reserve Bank of India disclosures and linked sources, this profile records status, architecture, and capability fields for India e₹ (Digital Rupee).
Program Snapshot
Current status fields and timeline data from the profile record.
Type
HYBRID
Program classification
Wallets
8,000,000
As of 2025-12-05
Annual Volume
Not listed
high confidence
Status and Timeline
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Announced | 2020-12-01 |
| Pilot start | 2022-12-01 |
| Launch | Not listed |
| Last verified | 2026-03-29 |
Availability
- Retail
- pilot
- Wholesale
- pilot
Central Bank
Reserve Bank of India
Technical Profile
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Type | Hybrid |
| Architecture | two-tier |
| Access model | account based |
| Technology base | dlt |
| Legal tender | pilot only |
Capabilities
offline payments: Yes
programmability: Yes
cross border: Yes
interest bearing: No
transaction limits: Yes
Cross-Border Projects
No cross-border project entries are listed for this profile.
Recent Updates
According to RBI Deputy Governor T. Rabi Sankar (December 2025), India's retail e-Rupee reached approximately 8 million users with 120 million cumulative transactions valued at Rs 28,000 crore (~USD 3.36 billion) since the December 2022 pilot launch. According to the RBI Annual Report 2024-25, e-Rupee circulation reached Rs 1,016.46 crore (~USD 122 million) by March 2025, a 334% increase year-over-year, with 19 participating banks (expanded from initial 13). According to the RBI (mid-2024), approximately 400,000 merchants participate in the pilot. Offline NFC tap payments launched October 2025 for mountainous, rural, and urban areas including feature phones. Programmability expanded August 2024 to fuel, groceries, education, dining, healthcare, and travel. Government benefit schemes using programmable e-Rupee include Gujarat G-SAFAL, Andhra Pradesh DEEPAM 2.0, and Odisha Subhadra Yojana (~88,000 beneficiaries). According to RBI (March 2026), cross-border bilateral CBDC settlement discussions are underway with 4-5 countries.
Updated: Mar 29, 2026
Frequently Asked Questions
Does India have a CBDC?
According to listed sources, India is developing India e₹ (Digital Rupee), currently in pilot phase.
What is the current status of India's CBDC?
India e₹ (Digital Rupee) is in pilot phase as of 2026-03-29.
When did India start CBDC pilot activity?
Pilot activity is listed from 2022-12-01.
How many users or wallets are reported for India's CBDC?
As of 2025-12-05, India e₹ (Digital Rupee) reports 8,000,000 wallets.
Is India's CBDC retail, wholesale, or hybrid?
India e₹ (Digital Rupee) is categorized as hybrid.
Which institution manages India e₹ (Digital Rupee)?
India e₹ (Digital Rupee) is managed by Reserve Bank of India.
Related CBDCs
Sources
Sources
Last verified: 2026-03-29
Reserve Bank of India
central bank
RBI Concept Note on Central Bank Digital Currency
central bank
PIB Press Release on CBDC Pilot Launch
central bank
RBI CBDC Publications and Reports
central bank